![]() Simulations demonstrated that the largest determinants of cefepime PTA were the choice of PD target, continuous vs. Only 3 of 14 articles performed formal toxicological analysis. However, dosing recommendations were more varied and appeared to depend on the definition of pharmacodynamic (PD) target, definition of PTA success and specific clinical considerations. PTA results were generally consistent, given the differences in patient populations. Results: The mini review included 14 articles. In addition, we investigated, via simulations with a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model, factors that may affect cefepime PTA success. Methods: We performed a mini review in adults to explore factors relating to cefepime PTA success and how researchers incorporate PTA into dosing decisions. We highlight the technical and clinical factors that may affect PTA for beta-lactams. Introduction: Probability of target attainment (PTA) analysis using Monte Carlo simulations has become a mainstay of dose optimization.
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